Accounting and taxes of natural persons
- Credits: 6
- Ending: Examination
- Range: 2P + 2C
- Semester: winter
- Year: 3
- Faculty of Economic Informatics
Teachers
Included in study programs
Teaching results
The aim of the training is to acquire knowledge in the field of personal income taxation and skills and competence in keeping accounting records as well as tax records proving the amount of taxable income and tax-deductible expenses.
By completing the course, students will gain:
knowledge - to understand the peculiarities of keeping accounting records during the current accounting period and the preparation of financial statements in the accounting unit, which is a natural person - entrepreneur, the adoption of legislative conditions and rules governing the taxation of personal income,
skill - to determine and apply accounting procedures in keeping the accounts of a natural person entrepreneur, keeping tax records,
competence - identification of individual types of taxable income, assessment of tax deductibility of expenses for individual types of income, determination of the tax base and special tax base of a natural person, compilation of a Tax declaration of a natural person.
Indicative content
Identification of the obligations of natural persons entrepreneurs when starting a business. Analysis of the possibilities of proving and applying expenses of natural persons for the needs of determining the income tax base (bookkeeping, tax records, determining the amount of expenses as a percentage of taxable income). Peculiarities of keeping accounting records in the system of simple accounting: legal regulation, subject, accounting books. Accounting methodology in the cash journal and in other books. Financial statements in the system of simple accounting: Statement of income and expenditure, Statement of assets and liabilities. Taxes as a subject of accounting. Tax characteristics, basic concepts and tax classification. Tax system in the SR. Partial tax bases, special tax base. Identification of individual types of income: income from business, income from other self-employed activity, income from rental and income from the use of work and artistic performance. Identification of income from dependent activity. Application of non - taxable parts of the base. Identification of income from capital assets and other income. Compilation of personal income tax declaration.
Support literature
1. Právne predpisy upravujúce oblasť účtovníctva a daní.
2. Príklady a podklady v elektronickej podobe poskytované prostredníctvom e-learningového portálu.
3. Štúdie vo vedeckých časopisoch a zborníkoch a články v odborných časopisoch.
Syllabus
1. Accounting and tax obligations of natural persons entrepreneurs when starting a business. Accounting of natural persons entrepreneurs. 2. System of simple accounting - subject, peculiarities, legal regulation. Simple accounting system - accounting books. Accounting methodology in cash journal and other accounting books. 3. Assets and liabilities of natural persons entrepreneurs: long-term tangible assets, long-term intangible assets, inventories - valuation, accounting and reporting in simple accounting. 4. Assets and liabilities of natural persons entrepreneurs: long-term financial assets, short-term financial assets, receivables and liabilities - valuation, accounting and reporting in simple accounting. 5. Financial statements in the system of simple accounting. Work procedure for compiling financial statements in the system of simple accounting. Components of financial statements in the system of simple accounting: Statement of incomes and expenses, Statement of assets and liabilities. 6. Taxes as a subject of accounting. Tax characteristics, basic concepts, tax classification. Slovak tax system. Tax declarations of taxes of natural persons incomes (Type A, Type B). 7. Income tax of natural persons - subject of tax, tax base, partial tax bases, special tax base. Income from business, other self - employed activity, rent and use of work and artistic performance. 8. Income tax of natural persons - income from dependent activity, income from dependent activity, which is not subject to tax, income from dependent activity exempt from tax. Non - taxable parts of the tax base. 9. Income tax of natural persons - special capital tax base, other income, income exempt from tax. Tax base, tax rate. 10. General provisions on the determination of the tax base. Items adjusting the profit or loss or the difference between revenue and expenditure. 11. Analysis of selected types of tax expenditures and their presentation in simple accounting. Collection and payment of taxes. 12. Property taxes. Obligations of the natural persons entrepreneur at the change of the accounting system and at the end of the business. 13. A summary example of bookkeeping and the preparation of a tax declaration of natural persons, which achieves a combination of different income. Final review and summary.
Requirements to complete the course
26 hours of lectures
26 hours of seminars
13 hours of preparation for the lectures
26 hours of preparation for the seminars
24 hours of preparation for the continuous written essay (40 % of the overall grading)
41 hours of preparation for the final written exam (60 % of the overall grading)
Total study load (in hours): 156
Student workload
26 hours of lectures
26 hours of seminars
13 hours of preparation for the lectures
26 hours of preparation for the seminars
24 hours of preparation for the continuous written essay (40 % of the overall grading)
41 hours of preparation for the final written exam (60 % of the overall grading)
Total study load (in hours): 156
Language whose command is required to complete the course
slovak
Date of approval: 10.02.2023
Date of the latest change: 15.05.2022