Production Management

Syllabus

Thematic definition of lectures: 1. The essence and content of production management In the introductory lecture, students will be introduced at the beginning of the lecture to the conditions of the examination and the award of credit. in its continuation, the following areas of problems will be mainly emphasized: - The position, functions and objectives of production management in business. - The content of production management. - Hierarchical structures in production management. - Development, risk and crisis management of production in business. - Prerequisites for entrepreneurship and improvement of production management. 2. Formation of the production programme in the enterprise The content of the topic will focus on forecasting the production load in the enterprise, but also on other facts, which are marketing activities related to the creation of the production program, diagnostic analysis of production possibilities and the preparation of production strategy. The lecture will result in the prerequisites for the evaluation of the production program, its implementation. 3. Management of pre-production stages in the enterprise We want to pay more significant attention to the given area, a component of production management, in that the following content aspects will first be introduced and highlighted from the theoretical and practical point of view: - Status and functions (classical and modern) in the preparation of production in the enterprise. - The content of production preparation in the enterprise (in general, also through individual stages). - Innovation potential and its structure. 4. Creative possibilities (methods) of improving production preparation, standardisation and automatisation in production preparation, its economic evaluation The above issues are challenging in that each of them requires a newer perspective on the above processes. Newer is also the creation according to certain (typical) areas, also the method and measurement in the conditions of globalisation, internationalisation of markets and customers. Standardisation and automatisation in production preparation will also be a very important factor. An equally important and emphasised aspect will be the actual economic evaluation (assessment) of the production preparation by means of decisive synthetic (aggregate) and analytical (sub-indicators) indicators in the production preparation. 5. Management of main (basic) production Similarly to parts 3 and 4, the lectures on this type of issue will be grouped into at least two areas. In this block will be presented mainly the laws of organisation (arrangement) of the production process, component, qualitative and quantitative analysis of production, time analysis of production (length and structure of the production cycle), its economic significance for reducing the intermediate production time from the point of view of producers and customers. 6. The essence, tasks and possibilities of development of production allocation management in the enterprise This topic of the lecture is directly related to the previous section. Mainly by the fact that it is necessary to know all and any factors of allocation (deployment) in individual types of production. Immediately related to this is the intra-enterprise specialisation of production, standardization and standardization in production management, automatisation, digitalization and computer-controlled production systems in the enterprise. 7. Management of service processes in production Service processes in a company generally play and provide through their own, internal entities those important functions and tasks that are related to the consolidation of the production system, they are its immanent part. It is a complex of activities which, however, also have their own specific features, organisation and management, material and procedural aspects. The clarification of the topic of this part of the issue will consist in the presentation of the essence, types and peculiarities of servicing processes in production, organisational systems of production servicing, basic subjects of production servicing management (material management, maintenance and repair activities, tooling, energy management, other servicing processes), also the tendencies of development of servicing processes. 8. Development processes and in-house management in production This topic will present the essence and content of development management of production, the development programme of production, the design of the production organism, as well as material, financial, information and personnel resources. The topic will also include the essence, characteristics and principles of in-house production management, operational production management, organisational aspects and information system, the importance of the human factor, as well as the economic aspects and evaluation of in-house organisational units in production management 9. Quality management in business development Under the pressure of the competitive environment and scientific and technical development, the requirements for the quality of products, processes and enterprises have gradually changed, which has also led to the development of quality assurance principles and tools. In this topic, the essence and development of quality management, comprehensive quality management, definition of quality and product quality criteria, quality assurance of production, analysis of the possibility of errors and their consequences, statistical process control, process capability indices, measurement system and analysis of the measurement system, conformity assessment and product marketing, quality management principles and economic aspects of product quality will be presented. 10. Production logistics in business development Within the extensive way of realisation of enterprise performances it is necessary to speak not only about the management of intra-enterprise movement of materials and goods, but mainly about the management of movement of materials and products from suppliers to the enterprise, to individual workplaces, as well as products and semi-finished goods from workplaces and the enterprise to the customer. All these tasks can be included under the comprehensive term production management and logistics. Production management represents an integrating element of a range of knowledge from different scientific disciplines. These include, in particular, systems engineering, personnel science, labour economics, computer science, operations research, mathematics, statistics, sociology and psychology. Logistics, in turn, can be characterised as the integrated planning, synchronisation, management and control of material and related information flows from supplier to enterprise, within the enterprise and from the enterprise to the supplier. The essence of the topic lies in the approach of logistics and logistics management, enterprise logistics strategy and design, procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics. 11. Current trends in production management Ensuring flawless production and sustaining it over the long term requires a constant flow of new products and production processes. Modern production in the enterprise must be innovative, capacity-oriented, equipped with modern technology, skilled workers and open to reducing production costs. Based on this, enterprises are constantly creating new opportunities to apply new trends, processes and approaches in production. A closer identification will focus on selected new trends in production management: Kaizen, Just in Time, Kanban, Lean Manufacturing, MRP I and MRP II, OPT, BOA, Radio Frequency Identification, Industry 4.0, Quick Response Manufacturing, the use and continuous improvement of which must be part of the essential activities in the management of production in an enterprise. 12. Current trends in production logistics Today's modern world puts pressure on businesses to achieve the best possible results in terms of overall production, product and service quality. In order to obtain the resulting effect, it is necessary not only to organise the production properly, but also to efficiently upgrade the logistics, which is part of the entire business process. The focus of the topic will be on supply chain management, customer relationship management, effective response to customer requirements, lean logistics, logistics outsourcing, cross docking, warehouse management system, pick-by-systems, quick response, omni-channel in logistics, big data in logistics, green and reverse logistics and logistics 4.0. 13. Sustainable development and greening in production management The current trend in sustainable development is to change the way we produce and consume not only materials but also goods. In doing so, it is also necessary to create more added value with fewer inputs, reduce costs and reduce adverse environmental impacts. The aim in the first part of the lecture will be to define sustainable development in relation to production management, also to approach environmental valorisation for sustainable development. In the second part, and in relation to greening, the focus will be on environmental policy, environmental policy instruments, waste in general and waste management in the enterprise. Thematic definition of exercises: 1. Management of pre-production stages in the enterprise The use of network analysis methods in pre-production has been and is driven primarily by the multiplicity of items that make up the current products. Another reason is the transition from the traditional, partial analysis of the stages of production preparation to its holistic understanding and processing of component parts through automation or computer technology. Crucial in this respect is the functioning of the whole system. A system approach to the organisation of production preparation is made possible by network analysis methods. At present, we know several types of network analysis methods. The focus on the problem will be concentrated on the critical path method CPM. 2. Network analysis in production preparation - calculation of network analysis by CPM method in incidence matrix The CPM problem will be solved in the incidence matrix, which is basically a matrix model, but according to certain rules it can not only accommodate all input data, but also allows the calculation of the required variables, including the critical path. It is adapted to have as many columns and rows as there are nodes in the network graph. Solving the incidence matrix must produce the same results as the network graph. 3. Network analysis in production preparation - calculation of network analysis by CPM method in network graph The CPM problem will be solved in a network graph, where the logical process from the origin of the task to the moment of its completion is displayed. Constructing a network graph is therefore inherently a study of the factual, informational and temporal sequence of actions that need to be carried out in order to accomplish the entire action. A network graph consists of two basic geometric elements: nodes (points) and connecting lines, which we call edges. 4. Management of main (basic) production The division of labour, intra-enterprise specialisation, the segmentation of the production process and other analytical activities also require a reverse synthesis, a new arrangement and integration of production. The analysis represents a deeper understanding of the production system, while the synthesis is intended to form a new, more perfect, functioning whole. Analysis and synthesis presuppose knowledge of and respect for the laws of the organisation (arrangement) of production. The most important laws of the organisation (arrangement) of production include: proportionality in the production system (law of equilibrium), parallelism in the course of production activities (law of simultaneity), rhythmicity of the production process (law of rhythmicity), continuity of production (law of continuity). 5. Calculation of production cycle length under simplified conditions In manufacturing, work operations and the entire production process can take place in the following main combinations of organisational character: sequential, parallel (concurrent) and combined ways. The target solution is to increase the degree of parallelism, concurrency, overlapping in production. The aim of the problem is to recalculate examples according to formulas where the focus is on sequential, concurrent and combined ways under simplified conditions. 6. Calculation of the production cycle length considering all factors of the production process The problem is related to the parallelism of production. It is a regularity whose economic significance stems from the overlapping of activities and thus the shortening of their duration. The time factor is clearly manifested here in the compression of economic performance per unit of time. The acquisition of more and more effects per unit of time is in fact a manifestation of the law of the economics of time. In the problem, the examples will be solved through formulas where we will consider all the factors of the production process. 7. Calculation of continuous production The rhythmicity of the production process is monitored using various indicators. The basic ones are production rate (line rate) production rhythm. The production rate is the average time interval over which an activity is repeated in succession, e.g. the time interval between the completion of two consecutive products. The problem deals with solving examples by formulas to calculate the production line tact, workplace tact, number of machines, workers and machine utilisation coefficients. 8. Assembly line calculation Rhythmicity, which can be defined as the fact that the same amount of work is expended at the same time intervals, there is a uniform load on machinery and equipment, utilisation of people, and the same or increasing amount of production is achieved. Such regular operation of machines and equipment, people also yields more efficient economic results in production. Rhythmicity is also related to the calculation of assembly line examples, where the tact of the line, the speed of the belt movement, the length of the belt, the length of the assembly cycle and the area occupied by the line are ascertained. 9. Calculation of non-reproducibility and critical product quantity Based on the continuous production calculations, the focus of the subject matter is on the formula-based determination of non-reproducibility. Also the calculation of the critical product quantity beyond which it is advantageous to introduce continuous production. In this issue, we are building on the formulas that were defined in the previous two weeks when the subject issue was introduced. 10. Management of service processes in production Production operation is one of the critical components of production management. It is a complex of activities, which, however, also have their own peculiarities, organization and management, factual and procedural aspects. They are closely related, touching the following aspects (subjects) of production management: material management in the enterprise, maintenance and repair activities, tool management, energy management, other, supporting activities of production servicing. 11. Determination of the scope of maintenance and repair activities The maintenance and repair activity is a conditioning factor of the production process, which creates the optimal conditions for its existence. Every maintenance and repair activity should be carried out in the enterprise in a planned manner, but in practice it is often not possible to anticipate every breakdown and accident. However, the aim is to reduce the occurrence of breakdowns and accidents to a minimum, but the most important task is to ensure the economic operation of machinery, equipment in the production process. The problem is focused on examples in which the extent of maintenance in each year is ascertained. 12. Determining the need for standardised tools One of the fundamental conditions affecting the operation of basic production is the quantity and quality of tools and production aids delivered on time. The urgency to pay increased attention to tooling production is particularly influenced by the fact that tooling is one of the most progressive factors in the production process and helps to increase production quality and labour productivity. The planning of tooling needs is the basis of tool management. Its aim is to ensure the development of a tooling needs plan in the light of the plan for the development of science and technology, to determine the level of tooling stocks in the warehouse and in the dispensing rooms, to evaluate and regulate the need for tooling according to the established life and production plan. The problem is focused on the calculation of standardized tooling according to the formula. 13. Determining the need for special tools Planning the need for special tools primarily means monitoring and reviewing future requirements for: production, refurbishment and repair of special tools. Involvement of the production management unit (production control), which provides production with the necessary tools and production aids, and of the sales unit, which is responsible for reviewing orders for the production of special tools, either internally or from external suppliers, is essential in planning the need for special tools. Either a calculation method or a statistical standard is used to determine the consumption of special tools. The calculation method presupposes a detailed technological procedure. The problem focuses on the recalculation of examples related to special tools.