Web and Mobile Applications II

Syllabus

1. Markup languages HTML and XHTML HTML and XHTML form the foundational technologies for structuring web content, with XHTML enforcing stricter syntax rules. Students learn document structure, semantic markup, and correct usage of elements. Emphasis is placed on modern standards for accessible, valid, and maintainable code. 2. XML language XML provides a flexible, hierarchical format for structured data exchange between applications. Students learn to create XML documents, work with schemas, and perform validation. The topic also discusses when XML is advantageous or inefficient compared to JSON. 3. JavaScript scripting language JavaScript enables dynamic interaction on the web through DOM manipulation and event handling. Students develop skills in building interactive components, processing inputs, and communicating with APIs. Basic ES6+ features and modular code organization are introduced. 4. AJAX programming technique AJAX enables asynchronous server communication without reloading the page, forming the basis of modern interactive applications. Students understand asynchronous operations, callbacks, Promises, and handling JSON/XML responses. Practical tasks verify correct REST request implementation. 5. JSON text-data format JSON is a lightweight and widely adopted data format for web APIs due to its simplicity and readability. Students learn parsing, serialization, and secure handling of JSON structures. Comparisons with XML highlight key differences and use-case boundaries. 6. CSS styling language CSS defines the visual presentation of web pages through selectors, cascading rules, and the box model. Students learn responsive design principles, mobile-first strategies, and modern techniques such as flexbox and grid. Emphasis is placed on styling optimization and clean design. 7. PHP scripting language PHP enables server-side development, request processing, and creation of dynamic web content. Students learn syntax, secure coding practices, and interaction with backend systems. The topic covers essential operations and fundamental backend logic. 8. Database management using PHP Students learn to manage SQL databases, perform CRUD operations, and handle data securely. Emphasis is placed on using PDO/MySQLi, prepared statements, and proper query handling. API design and integration with frontend applications are also discussed. 9. TypeScript language TypeScript introduces static typing to JavaScript, increasing reliability and maintainability of applications. Students learn types, interfaces, modules, and their usage in large projects, including Angular development. Refactoring JavaScript into TypeScript is also demonstrated. 10. Basic algorithms and data structures This topic covers essential computational techniques such as sorting, searching, and efficient data organization. Students explore arrays, linked lists, trees, and graphs as practical tools in application development. Emphasis is on applying these structures to real web-development tasks. 11. Using/testing REST services – Node.js / Express Students learn to build server-side REST APIs, define routing, and process HTTP requests using Node.js and Express. The topic includes middleware usage, proper response formatting, and API structure. Functional and integration testing of endpoints is practiced. 12. Using/testing REST services – PostgreSQL and MongoDB Students explore relational (PostgreSQL) and document-based (MongoDB) databases within REST API contexts. They learn to model data, execute queries, and test database communication. The session highlights differences between SQL and NoSQL approaches. 13. Automated testing of applications using JS frameworks Tools such as Jest, Karma, Jasmine, and Cypress are used to automate testing of both frontend and backend functionality. Students practice writing unit and integration tests and setting up test environments. The workflow of automated testing in CI/CD pipelines is introduced.